Overview of Each Country
-Bali-
“Pulau Dewata,” - (ISLAND OF THE GODS)
Bali Overview
Bali, a province and island of Indonesia, is often referred to as the “Island of the Gods” due to its rich spiritual culture and stunning natural beauty. Located between Java to the west and Lombok to the east, Bali is part of the Lesser Sunda Islands. The island is renowned for its diverse landscapes—lush rice terraces, volcanoes, tropical beaches, and a vibrant underwater world—making it a top destination for travelers and expats seeking a mix of relaxation and adventure.
Geography & Climate: Bali’s geography ranges from mountainous interiors like Mount Agung, an active volcano considered sacred, to the flat and fertile southern region where the capital city, Denpasar, is located. The island has a tropical climate with two main seasons—wet (November to April) and dry (May to October). Temperatures remain warm year-round, making it a popular destination for beachgoers and outdoor enthusiasts.
Notable Facts: Bali has a distinct culture compared to the rest of predominantly Muslim Indonesia, with over 80% of its population practicing Balinese Hinduism. The island is famous for its unique cultural practices, temples, traditional dance, and festivals. Beyond its cultural scene, Bali has a growing digital nomad community and is home to some of Indonesia’s best-known surf spots, wellness retreats, and international communities.
Cultural Highlights
Bali’s culture is unique and vibrant, characterized by its Hindu influences, artistic traditions, and communal values. The island's way of life is deeply spiritual, blending religious rituals with daily practices and social norms, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere for both locals and visitors.
Local Customs & Values:
Balinese Hinduism & Spirituality: Unlike the rest of Indonesia, which is predominantly Muslim, Bali practices a form of Hinduism distinct to the island, incorporating elements of animism, Buddhism, and ancestor worship. Daily offerings called "canang sari" (small flower arrangements) are placed in homes, businesses, and temples to honor the gods and spirits. Temples, or “pura,” are scattered across the island, serving as places of worship and social gathering.
Community & Family: The concept of “banjar” (village community) is central to Balinese life, with strong ties to family and local customs. Social life revolves around community activities, ceremonies, and festivals, fostering a sense of unity and support among residents.
Respect for Tradition & Nature: Balinese people have a deep respect for tradition and the natural environment. Practices such as Nyepi (Day of Silence), where the entire island shuts down for a day of reflection, show the value placed on balance, harmony, and respect for nature and spirituality.
Traditions & Festivals: Bali is famous for its festivals, which showcase the island’s rich traditions. Major festivals include:
Galungan & Kuningan: A 10-day celebration marking the victory of dharma (good) over adharma (evil), involving processions, offerings, and traditional dances.
Nyepi (Balinese New Year): A day of silence and self-reflection when all activities stop, and even the island’s airport shuts down. The evening before, loud processions drive away evil spirits, followed by a full day of quiet.
Ogoh-Ogoh Parades: A highlight of the Nyepi festival, where large papier-mâché figures representing demons are paraded through the streets and burned to purify the island.
Daily Life & Feel: Daily life in Bali feels relaxed and community-oriented, with people taking the time to connect with family, friends, and their spiritual practices. The rhythm of life revolves around ceremonies, festivals, and social gatherings. The island’s natural beauty also plays a major role in daily life, with activities like surfing, yoga, beach visits, and participation in local markets contributing to a holistic lifestyle. Bali’s warm hospitality makes visitors feel welcome, often with a “Bali smile” that embodies the island’s friendly and inviting spirit.
Key Demographics
Population & Diversity: Bali is home to over 4.3 million people, with a population that is predominantly ethnic Balinese. The island also hosts a growing expat community, particularly in urban areas like Denpasar, Ubud, and Canggu, and is a popular destination for tourists, contributing to its diverse mix of residents. While the Balinese people are the primary ethnic group, there are also significant Javanese, Chinese-Indonesian, and foreign expat populations.
Major Religions:
Balinese Hinduism is practiced by around 83% of the population, distinguishing Bali from the predominantly Muslim majority of Indonesia. It incorporates elements of animism, Buddhism, and ancestor worship, creating a unique spiritual culture.
A small minority of Muslims, Christians, and Buddhists also live in Bali, primarily among the Javanese and Chinese-Indonesian communities. Religious harmony is prevalent, and many Balinese are open-minded toward other faiths.
Languages Spoken:
Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of the country and is widely spoken and understood across Bali, especially in business, education, and government contexts.
Balinese is the local language spoken by the native Balinese people and is used primarily in traditional settings, ceremonies, and rural areas. It has its own script and dialects that vary across the island.
English is also commonly spoken, particularly in tourist areas, hotels, restaurants, and among the expat community, making it easier for visitors and foreigners to communicate.
Urban vs. Rural Breakdown:
Urban Centers: About 60% of Bali’s population lives in urban areas, with Denpasar as the capital and most populated city. Other urban hubs include Kuta, Seminyak, Ubud, and Canggu. These areas offer more developed infrastructure, tourist facilities, and international communities.
Rural Areas: The remaining 40% of the population lives in rural areas, which retain a more traditional Balinese lifestyle centered on agriculture, village life, and traditional crafts like weaving, carving, and rice farming. These areas are more laid-back, with a slower pace of life, strong family ties, and a deeper focus on local customs and religious practices.
Pros and Cons of Living in Bali
Benefits of Living/Visiting Bali:
Affordable Cost of Living: Compared to Western countries, Bali offers a much lower cost of living, making it appealing to digital nomads, expats, and retirees. You can live comfortably on a budget, with affordable housing, food, and transportation.
Tropical Climate & Natural Beauty: Bali’s warm tropical weather, stunning beaches, lush rice terraces, and volcanic landscapes make it a paradise for nature lovers. The island’s scenic beauty and year-round warm weather create an active outdoor lifestyle.
Rich Culture & Lifestyle: Balinese culture is deeply spiritual and welcoming, with vibrant festivals, traditional dance, and communal practices that offer a unique cultural experience. The laid-back lifestyle, yoga retreats, and strong wellness community contribute to a balanced lifestyle.
Growing Economic Opportunities: The tourism, wellness, hospitality, and creative industries are booming in Bali, creating opportunities for business and employment, especially for expats in fields like hospitality management, digital marketing, or content creation.
Challenges/Drawbacks to Consider:
Bureaucratic Hurdles & Visas: Navigating Indonesia’s visa and business regulations can be challenging, with processes for work permits, business licenses, and residency being complicated and time-consuming. Consulting with local professionals is often necessary.
Infrastructure & Traffic Issues: Bali’s infrastructure is still developing, which means traffic congestion, inconsistent public transport, and slower internet speeds in some areas. In urban centers, the roads can be chaotic, especially during the tourist season.
Climate Issues: Bali has a tropical climate with a wet season (November to April) that brings heavy rains, high humidity, and potential flooding in some areas. Additionally, the island experiences active volcanic activity, which can sometimes affect air travel and safety.
Tourism & Crowded Hotspots: Popular areas like Kuta, Seminyak, and parts of Ubud can become crowded with tourists, especially during peak season, affecting the overall tranquility and raising the cost of living in these areas.
Cultural Differences & Language Barriers: While English is widely spoken in tourist areas, learning Bahasa Indonesia or some Balinese is helpful for integrating into the local community. Understanding and respecting local customs and traditions is important, especially in rural areas or during religious ceremonies.
Economy and Tourism
Economic Overview: Bali’s economy is driven primarily by tourism, agriculture, and creative industries. While the island has seen steady growth in recent years, it faced economic challenges during global events like the pandemic, highlighting its dependence on tourism. Agriculture remains important, with rice, coffee, and tropical fruits being major products, while arts, crafts, and fashion contribute to Bali’s global cultural appeal. Efforts to diversify Bali’s economy are underway, focusing on technology, wellness, and sustainable tourism.
Tourism Trends: Tourism is the backbone of Bali’s economy, attracting millions of visitors annually to its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture, and spiritual retreats. Popular destinations include Kuta, Seminyak, Ubud, and Canggu, each offering different experiences—from nightlife and surfing to yoga and cultural exploration. The rise of digital nomads has brought a new wave of long-term travelers, leading to increased demand for co-working spaces, wellness retreats, and long-term rentals. Bali’s tourism is expected to grow with further investments in infrastructure, eco-tourism, and luxury travel experiences.
Industry Growth Sectors: Several sectors in Bali are experiencing growth:
Hospitality & Tourism: The ongoing expansion of hotels, resorts, villas, and vacation rentals provides opportunities for expats in hospitality management, real estate, and tourism consultancy.
Wellness & Lifestyle: Bali has become a hub for wellness tourism, with a growing demand for yoga retreats, holistic health practices, organic food, and eco-friendly accommodations. Expats with expertise in these areas often find opportunities in the wellness sector.
Creative & Digital Economy: The rise of digital nomads, content creators, and online entrepreneurs has fostered a booming digital economy. This includes opportunities in web design, digital marketing, content creation, and freelance services.
Agriculture & Sustainability: With a focus on organic farming, sustainable agriculture, and eco-tourism, there are increasing opportunities for sustainable businesses, permaculture, and eco-friendly ventures.
History of Bali
Brief Historical Overview: Bali’s history is rich and diverse, shaped by the influences of Hinduism, Buddhism, and local animist beliefs. The island was first settled around 2000 BC by Austronesian peoples. By the 9th century, Bali had established itself as a prominent kingdom with deep ties to Java, and its culture began to flourish under the influence of Hindu-Buddhist empires. When Islam spread throughout Indonesia in the 16th century, Bali retained its Hindu culture, which persists today. The arrival of Dutch traders in the 17th century led to colonial rule, which lasted until World War II, when Japanese forces briefly occupied the island.
Significant Events That Shaped the Nation:
Dutch Colonization (1906-1942): The Dutch East Indies Company slowly took control of Bali in the 19th century, culminating in the Puputan Massacres of 1906 and 1908, where Balinese royalty and soldiers committed ritual suicide rather than surrender. Dutch colonization influenced Bali’s economy, trade, and infrastructure.
Japanese Occupation & Independence (1942-1949): During World War II, Japanese forces occupied Bali, disrupting Dutch rule. Following the war, Indonesia declared independence from the Dutch in 1945, and Bali became part of the Republic of Indonesia after a period of conflict, gaining sovereignty in 1949.
Cultural Revival & Tourism Boom (20th Century-Present): With its vibrant culture, spirituality, and natural beauty, Bali started to attract international attention in the mid-20th century. The tourism boom in the 1980s and 1990s transformed the island’s economy and infrastructure, making tourism its primary industry and introducing both opportunities and challenges, such as environmental concerns and cultural shifts.
Bali’s unique history of resilience, religious preservation, and colonial influence has deeply impacted its current cultural practices, economy, and way of life.
Projections for Bali’s Future
Economic and Social Trends: Bali is expected to continue evolving economically and socially, with a focus on diversifying beyond tourism. Efforts to promote sustainable practices and eco-friendly businesses are being prioritized to protect the island’s natural beauty and cultural heritage. The rise of technology startups and the digital economy is contributing to new opportunities for local employment and foreign investment. Demographically, the growing expat and digital nomad community is influencing local culture, lifestyle, and real estate markets, potentially leading to an even more international and dynamic society.
Forecast for Tourism and Development: Tourism is projected to rebound and grow, particularly with a focus on sustainable and experiential travel. Investments in infrastructure, such as improved road networks, airports, and public facilities, are planned to support an influx of tourists while preserving the environment and local culture. New tourism trends like wellness retreats, luxury accommodations, and adventure travel will likely shape Bali’s development in the coming years. There’s also a push toward promoting rural areas for tourism to reduce overcrowding in hotspots like Kuta and Seminyak and offer a more authentic Balinese experience.
Potential Changes to Immigration/Expat Living: Bali is exploring policies to attract long-term residents, entrepreneurs, and retirees. The introduction of “digital nomad visas” or special long-term visas for remote workers and entrepreneurs is on the horizon, aiming to attract foreign talent while supporting the local economy. Tax incentives and clearer regulations are also being considered to make it easier for foreigners to set up businesses, purchase property, and integrate into Balinese society. Overall, the island aims to balance welcoming expats and tourists while ensuring policies align with local interests and sustainability.
Why Move to or Visit Bali
Quality of Life: Bali offers an attractive quality of life, thanks to its warm climate, stunning natural beauty, and cultural vibrancy. The island’s laid-back lifestyle, picturesque beaches, and mountainous landscapes make it ideal for those seeking a balance between relaxation and adventure. The wellness culture is strong, with yoga, meditation, and spa retreats forming a major part of daily life. While healthcare in rural areas is basic, major urban areas like Denpasar and Ubud have private clinics and hospitals that offer quality services at a fraction of Western prices.
Business Opportunities: Bali’s booming tourism industry presents opportunities for expats looking to start businesses in hospitality, wellness, real estate, and food & beverage. The rise of digital nomads and online entrepreneurs has made the island a hotspot for co-working spaces, retreats, digital marketing, and content creation. Bali’s creative culture also opens doors for businesses related to arts, fashion, handicrafts, and event planning. While starting a business requires navigating local regulations, the potential for growth in various sectors is significant.
Adventure and Travel Destinations: Bali is a paradise for adventure lovers and travelers. The island is known for its surfing spots, world-class diving sites, volcano hikes, and serene beaches. Nature enthusiasts can explore the lush rice terraces of Ubud, trek to the top of Mount Batur for sunrise, or discover hidden waterfalls and temples scattered across the island. For those looking for a cultural experience, local markets, traditional dance performances, and Balinese ceremonies provide unique and immersive experiences.
Retirement Potential: Bali is an increasingly popular destination for retirees, offering a low cost of living, beautiful surroundings, and a variety of communities to integrate into. The Retirement KITAS visa allows retirees over the age of 55 to stay long-term with options for renewal. The island’s diverse range of living options—from beachfront villas to cozy rural homes—provides flexibility to fit different lifestyles. The laid-back pace, friendly local communities, and easy access to wellness and outdoor activities make Bali an ideal place to enjoy retirement.
Cost of Living
Comparison with Western Countries: Bali offers a significantly lower cost of living compared to countries like the US or Europe. From accommodation to food and daily expenses, life in Bali is generally more affordable. Expats and travelers find that they can enjoy a comfortable lifestyle on a modest budget, with some choosing to live lavishly while still spending much less than they would in many Western countries.
Breakdown of Key Expenses:
Housing: Renting a one-bedroom apartment in a popular area like Canggu or Ubud typically costs around $300-$800 per month, depending on size, location, and amenities. For a villa with a private pool, prices range from $1,000-$2,500 per month. Long-term leases (12 months or more) often offer significant savings compared to short-term rentals.
Food: Eating local food is very budget-friendly, with meals at local "warungs" (small eateries) costing $1-$3. Dining at mid-range restaurants usually costs around $5-$15 per person. Western food and imported products are available but come at a higher cost.
Transportation: Renting a motorbike (the most common mode of transport) costs around $50-$80 per month, and fuel is very affordable. Ride-hailing services like Grab or Gojek are also widely used for short trips, costing only a few dollars. Car rentals and private drivers are available but more expensive, with daily rentals starting at $20-$30.
Healthcare: Private healthcare is affordable and of good quality, with consultations at private clinics costing between $20-$50. Expats often purchase international health insurance, which remains far more affordable than in Western countries.
Entertainment & Leisure: Yoga classes, beach clubs, surfing, and other recreational activities are widely accessible and reasonably priced. Entertainment costs vary depending on lifestyle, but you can enjoy a mix of local and expat activities for 50-70% less than similar experiences in Western countries.
Affordability in Cities vs. Rural Areas:
Urban Centers & Tourist Areas: Cities like Denpasar, Ubud, Canggu, and Seminyak are more expensive than rural areas. While the cost of rent, dining, and services is still lower than in most Western countries, these areas cater to tourists and expats, often at a premium.
Rural Areas & Small Towns: Living in rural areas or less-touristy towns like Lovina or Amed significantly reduces costs. Rent can be as low as $200-$400 per month, and the cost of local goods and services is much lower. These areas offer a more traditional Balinese lifestyle, with fewer international amenities but a much slower pace and tighter-knit communities.